Temporo-Mandibular Joint Disorders
The Temporo-Mandibular Joint (or TMJ) connects the lower jaw (Mandible) to the skull. Disorders with the joint can result in mild or strong pain, or limited movement.
The primary problem can be the joint itself, or the muscles that guide, support and move it. Because the nerves and muscles in this area are so complex, when the muscles are in spasm, the problems can be far reaching.
- Clicking, popping or grating sounds when opening and closing the mouth.
- Limited opening and/or locking of the jaw.
- Jaw, neck, shoulder or back pain/stiffness.
- Headaches (usually around the temples).
- An uncomfortable or uneven bite.
- Bruxism (grinding the teeth) at night or during the day.
- Tooth wear.
- Muscle spasms.
- Swelling on the side of the face.
- Dizziness.
- Tinnitus (ringing in the ears), ear pain, or decreased hearing.
- Vision problems.
What causes disorders of the TMJ?
Diagnosis, and establishing causes can be difficult, as there can be many factors involved. TMJ disorders can be the result of:
- Trauma or injury to the jaw.
- Malocclusion (an uneven bite).
- Bruxism (grinding teeth during the day or night. You may not even be aware of this).
- Lengthy dental procedures.
- Overuse or overstretching of the jaw.
- Stress.
- Hormone fluctuation.
- Genetics.
- Bad posture
How can TMJ disorders be treated?
Some problems are only temporary and will relieve themselves, given time. Conservative treatments, which a dentist or health professional might prescribe are:
- Jaw rest (eating soft foods)
- Applying moist heat or ice to the side of the face.
- Use of painkillers with anti-inflammatories
- Simple exercises
- Management of daily stress.
- Correction of bad postural habits.
- A referral to a physical therapist.
If more conservative, minimal treatment does not help or if diagnosis of the problem is clear, the dentist may recommend an Occlusal/ Bite Splint (nightguard). An occlusal splint will retrain muscles, and protect the teeth against grinding. When the muscles relax, or are retrained, a maloccluding bite may then be correctly measured, and a treatment plan formulated.